Health predictors among homeless youth: integrative review

Abstract

An integrative review of the national and international literature on the protective factors that contribute to the health of street-involved youth was performed. Data from 28 studies selected after the screening process were extracted and analyzed descriptively. The identified factors were categorized into internal attributes such as self-esteem, spirituality, and perceived resilience; and external resources such as social support, social stability, and community-based intervention. These factors contributed to the reduction of risk behaviors and the promotion of healthseeking behaviors. External factors had a significant influence on health, especially social support. The associations between these factors are emphasized, indicating the valuable strategy of an integrated approach, in which internal attributes and external resources can multiply the health benefits. Faced with the challenges of homelessness, practices and policies aligned with the promotion of protective factors can prevent health problems and promote well-being in this population. Keywords: adolescents, homeless youth, protective factors, integrative review